Determinación social en la ocurrencia de anemia ferropénica en niños:
una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33517/rue2022v17n1a7Palabras clave:
anemia ferropénica, determinantes sociales de la salud, lactanteResumen
La anemia constituye un problema mayor de salud pública debido a sus múltiples consecuencias biológicas, económicas y sociales. La anemia por deficiencia de hierro es común en niños pequeños, debido a los altos requerimientos de hierro necesarios para su rápido crecimiento y desarrollo, particularmente durante los primeros dos años de vida. Con el objetivo de sintetizar el conocimiento actual sobre los determinantes sociales de la anemia ferropénica en niños, se realizó una revisión sistemática de los artículos originales sobre estudios cuantitativos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed Central (PMC), SCOPUS Elsevier y la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS) en el mes de febrero del año 2021, en la que fueron seleccionados 43 artículos. Se observa que los estudios abordan desde causas estructurales como el nivel socioeconómico, como aquellas subyacentes: saneamiento, condiciones habitacionales, hacinamiento, conocimiento materno, estado nutricional del niño, lactancia materna y alimentación complementaria, entre otras. Se advierte que hay escasez de estudios en América Latina que aborden la problemática desde la perspectiva de los determinantes sociales, resulta fundamental el profundizar en el estudio de la determinación de las causas para contar con información válida que permita tomar acciones tendientes a contribuir en la resolución de la problemática en Uruguay.
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