Estrategias para evaluar el síntoma de fatiga en personas con enfermedad renal crónica:
revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33517/rue2022v17n1a9Palabras clave:
insuficiencia renal crónica, escala de evaluación, enfermería, enfermedad renal crónica, fatigaResumen
Extraído do projeto de dissertação intitulado “Avaliação da fadiga em pessoas com doença renal crônica em tratamento hemodialítico” apresentado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem da UFPel em 2019.
Introducción: La evaluación de los síntomas de fatiga en personas con enfermedad renal crónica ha sido un desafío para la enfermería porque es un síntoma subjetivo y está asociado con otras comorbilidades. Objetivo: analizar la evidencia científica sobre la prevalencia, los factores predictivos y las estrategias para la evaluación de los síntomas de fatiga en personas con enfermedad renal crónica. Método: Estudio sistemático de revisión de literatura realizado en tres bases de datos (PubMed / MEDLINE, BIREME y LILACS) utilizando los descriptores "Insuficiencia renal, crónica", "Fatiga" y los niveles de evidencia de los estudios fueron verificados. Para el análisis de datos empleamos un instrumento de evaluación de ítems y un análisis descriptivo. Resultados: Los criterios de inclusión fueron 36 estudios que evaluaron la prevalencia de fatiga en 7,587 personas con enfermedad renal crónica en 15 países en cuatro continentes; los factores predictivos fueron individuales, psicosociales, clínicos y comorbilidades; Las estrategias de evaluación incluyeron 40 instrumentos, información sociodemográfica y clínica. En cuanto al nivel de evidencia, los estudios se centran en los niveles tres y cuatro. Consideraciones finales: la prevalencia y los factores predictivos se pueden manejar empleando estrategias de evaluación válidas para evaluar los síntomas de fatiga en personas con enfermedad renal crónica, así como con intervenciones confiables como suplementos nutricionales, hipnosis, acupuntura, ergometría intradialítica de piernas y apoyo social, que puede ser adoptado por enfermería en unidades de nefrología para promover una reducción en la prevalencia de síntomas de fatiga.
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